Basic Japanese Grammar: ‘a ri ma su ‘ and ‘i ma su

In Japanese, there are two phrases used to express the presence of objects or people.

 

Xがあります (X ga arimasu)

Meaning: “There is X” or “X exists.”

Usage: This structure is used to indicate the existence of non-living things or inanimate objects.

Structure: Noun (X) + に (ni) + があります (ga arimasu)

  • There is a chair in the room.
    部屋に椅子があります。
    Heya ni isu ga arimasu.

 

  • There is a souvenir in my bag.
    かばんにお土産があります。
    Kaban ni omiyage ga arimasu.

 

  • There is a letter on the table.
    テーブルに手紙があります。
    Tēburu ni tegami ga arimasu.

 

  • There is bread in the kitchen.
    台所にパンがあります。
    Daidokoro ni pan ga arimasu.

 

  • There is a desk in the classroom.
    教室に机があります。
    Kyōshitsu ni tsukue ga arimasu.

 

Xがいます (X ga imasu)

Meaning: “There is X” or “X exists.”

Usage: This structure is used to indicate the existence of living beings, such as people or animals.

Structure: Noun (X) + に (ni) + がいます (ga imasu)

  • There is a dog at home.
    家に犬がいます。
    Ie ni inu ga imasu.

 

  • There is a child at park.
    公園に子供がいます。
    Kouen ni kodomo ga imasu.

 

  • There is a person in the store.
    店に人がいます。
    Mise ni hito ga imasu.

 

  • There is a cat under the table.
    テーブルの下に猫がいます。
    Tēburu no shita ni neko ga imasu.

 

  • There is a person at the bus stop.
    バス停に人がいます。
    Basutei ni hito ga imasu.
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Miwa Sasaki

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I’m a certified Japanese language teacher with 5 years of experience. My goal is to help you communicate, experience Japanese culture, travel, and stories.